Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments vii

Introduction 1

1 Consciousnesslo and Essential Embodiment I: The Basics 19

1.0 Introduction 19

1.1 Some Preliminaries 22

1.2 The Nature of Consciousnesslo 28

1.3 Essential Embodiment and the Cartesian Mistakes 50

2 Consciousnesslo and Essential Embodiment II: Types and Structures 59

2.0 Introduction 59

2.1 Ten Types of Consciousnesslo 60

2.2 Eight Structures of Consciousnesslo 73

2.3 Affectivity, Egocentricity, Spatiality, and Temporality 76

2.4 Embodiment, Intentionalitylo, Focus, and Intensity 87

3 Essentially Embodied Agency I: Actions, Causes, and Reasons 101

3.0 Introduction 101

3.1 Classical Causal Theories of Action, and Beyond 103

3.2 Against Davidson 1: Reasons are Epiphenomenal 112

3.3 Against Davidson 2: Reasons are Insufficient for Actions 116

3.4 Against Davidson 3: Actions without Reasons 126

3.5 Against Davidson 4: Deviant Causal Chains Again 153

4 Essentially Embodied Agency II: Guidance and Trying 159

4.0 Introduction 159

4.1 Towards a Non-Classical Causal Theory 1: Active Guidance 160

4.2 Towards a Non-Classical Causal Theory 2: Effortless Trying 175

4.3 Is Trying an Epiphenomenal Illusion? No. 190

5 Essentially Embodied Agency III: Emotive Causation 195

5.0 Introduction 195

5.1 Essentially Embodied Agency and the Emotions 197

5.2 What is an Emotion? 203

5.3 The Intentionalitylo of Desire-Based Emotions 223

5.4 Invasion of the Body Snatchers: Emotional Self-Control and Emotional Zeroes 238

6 The Metaphysics of Agency I: The Problem of Mental Causation 255

6.0 Introduction 255

6.1 Some Preliminaries about Causation 257

6.2The Amazingly Hard Problem 271

6.3 Good Reasons for Efficacy, Closure, Physicality, and Irreducibility 272

6.4 The Causal Exclusion Problems 286

7 The Metaphysics of Agency II: And How to Solve It 295

7.0 Introduction 295

7.1 From Causal Exclusion to Property Fusion 298

7.2 The Dynamic World 313

7.3 Dynamic Systems Theory 323

7.4 Strong Metaphysical A Priori Necessity 328

8 The Metaphysics of Agency III: Where the Action Is 341

8.0 Introduction 341

8.1 Mind-Body Animalism 343

8.2 Dynamic Emergence 356

8.3 Arm-Raising vs. Arm-Rising: Trying as Structuring Causation 370

Bibliography 387

Index 405